Seo, Seo, Putnam, & Bartunek (2004) offer the concepts of duality and tension to explain the implications of different change practices and better understand the dynamics among the assumptions of different OD perspectives. Dualities are the polar opposites that work against one another. Dualities are not necessarily mutually exclusive alternatives, but “the choice to focus on one of the poles creates a tension and difficulty to enact both ends of the continuum simultaneously.” This section summarizes critical perspectives that have guided the field of Organizational Development, including the central debates, epistemological assumptions, strengths of weaknesses, and focus of each.