![Obedience in the Age of Automation: Authority isn’t always a person—it’s often a system. When compliance becomes routine, conscience must become intentional [Image: Copilot]](/images/Images/milgram2600.png "Obedience in the Age of Automation: Authority isn’t always a person—it’s often a system. When compliance becomes routine, conscience must become intentional [Image: Copilot]")
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Ethical concerns in psychology
Milgram’s methods faced scrutiny for ethical concerns in psychology. Baumrind (1964) argued that he failed to protect participants from psychological harm, continuing despite their distress. The deception undermined dignity and trust in authority, potentially discouraging future research participation. Milgram (1964) defended his approach, frustrated that ethical debates overshadowed his findings (p. 848). His work spurred modern ethical guidelines, including informed consent and the right to withdraw (Blass, 2004).